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Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 89(1): 15-20, feb. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-887807

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Las mordeduras de animales ocupan el 1% de las consultas en urgencias. En la mayoría el animal agresor es el perro, pudiendo generar lesiones de diversa gravedad, complicaciones infecciosas y secuelas. Objetivos: conocer la incidencia de mordeduras de animales en DEP-CHPR, características de la población, lesiones infligidas y conducta inicial. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de pacientes que consultaron en DEP-CHPR por mordedura de animal, entre el 1/1/2013 y el 31/12/2015. Fuente: historias clínicas informatizadas. Se utilizó Epi-Info versión 3.5.4. Resultados: 872 niños mordidos (0,5% del total de consultas). Varones 544 (62%). Edad media 6 años (1 mes-14 años). Verano y primavera: 505 consultas (58%). En 442 pacientes (50%) animal conocido. Animal agresor: perro 837 (96%). Localización: Cara y cuero cabelludo: 478 (55%); media de edad 4,2 años. En miembros 327 (37,5%), múltiples 73 (8,4%). Severidad: leves 790 (90%), severa 7 (0,8%). Destino: domicilio 802 (92%), cuidados moderados 63 (7,2%), cuidados intensivos 7 (0,9%). No fallecimientos. En 428 (49%) suturas. Antibiótico profiláctico: 770 (88%). Secuelas estéticas: 26 (3%). Vacuna antitetánica vigente: 852 (98%). Notificación al Ministerio de Salud: 148 (17%). Conclusiones: este tipo de lesiones persisten con resultados similares a estudios anteriores. Los niños más pequeños sufren heridas más graves que afectan predominantemente cara y cuero cabelludo. Los pacientes mordidos requieren un abordaje integral: manejo de las lesiones, evaluación de riesgo de zoonosis y prevención de complicaciones. La adherencia al tratamiento antibiótico profiláctico fue elevada. Es necesario difundir protocolos de actuación y tratamiento que incluyan la notificación obligatoria y fortalecer las medidas de prevención primaria.


Summary: Animal bites represent 1% of emergency visits. In most cases attacking animals are dogs, causing lesions of variable entity, infectious complications and sequelae. Objectives: to learn about the incidence of animal bites in the Pediatric Emergency Department at Pereira Rossell Hospital, the characteristics of this population, the kind of lesions and their initial management. Method: descriptive, retrospective study including patients in the Pediatric Emergency Department at Pereira Rossell Hospital who consulted for animal bites between 1/1/13 - 12/31/15. Source: computerized clinical registries. Epi-Info version 3.5.4. was used. Results: 872 bitten children were included in the study (0.5% of total visits). Male 544 (62%). Median age was 6 years old (1 month -14 years), consultations in summer and spring 505 (58%). In 442 patients (50%) the animal was known. Attacker animal: dog 837 (96%). As to the site, face and scalp added up to 478 (55%); median age being 4.2 years old, and bites in the limbs added up to 327 (37.5%), multiple lesions were seen in 73 children (8.4%). Regarding severity: mild 790 (90%) and severe 7 (0.8%). Outcome: 802 children we discharged (92%), 63 were admitted (7.2%), admitted in the intensive care unit 7 (0.9%). No deaths we recorded. In 428 (49%) of cases suture was needed. Prophilactic antibiotic: 770 (88%). Aesthetic sequelae in 26 children (3%). Tetanus vaccine: 852 (98%). Notification to the Ministry of Health: 148 (17%). Conclusions: this kind of lesions persist, similar to previous local studies. Younger children suffer more severe lesions affecting mostly their face and scalp. Bitten patients require a comprehensive approach: injury management, evaluation of zoonosis risk and prevention of complications. Adherence to antibiotic treatment was high. It is necessary to spread management protocols that include compulsory notification to authorities and to strengthen the prevention measures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Uruguay , Bites and Stings/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Dogs
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